little changed from 3.4 million in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.3 percent) and
separations rate (3.3 percent) were essentially unchanged in May. This
release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings,
hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by
geographic region.
The number of job openings in May was 3.6 million, little changed from
April. (See table 1.) Job openings increased for manufacturing,
government, and state and local government. The number of openings
also increased for the Midwest region. The level of total nonfarm job
openings in May was up from 2.4 million at the end of the recession in
June 2009. (Recession dates are determined by the National Bureau of
Economic Research.)
The number of job openings in May (not seasonally adjusted) increased
over the year for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Job
openings increased over the year for several industries and the
Northeast and South regions. (See table 5.)
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | May | Apr. | May | May | Apr. | May | May | Apr. | May
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|3,077 |3,447 |3,642 |4,182 |4,213 |4,361 |4,177 |4,142 |4,349
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,774 |3,093 |3,247 |3,923 |3,916 |4,063 |3,867 |3,838 |4,020
Construction.....| 100 | 69 | 77 | 366 | 276 | 284 | 369 | 290 | 327
Manufacturing....| 227 | 259 | 310 | 269 | 260 | 258 | 258 | 239 | 241
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 513 | 562 | 594 | 833 | 826 | 857 | 793 | 817 | 790
Retail trade....| 303 | 338 | 348 | 564 | 556 | 552 | 548 | 560 | 539
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 626 | 660 | 688 | 911 | 888 | 925 | 894 | 855 | 961
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices(3)........| 575 | 665 | 699 | 468 | 495 | 536 | 438 | 470 | 479
Health care | | | | | | | | |
and social | | | | | | | | |
assistance.....| 527 | 610 | 640 | 412 | 427 | 462 | 372 | 408 | 416
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 301 | 419 | 429 | 643 | 717 | 727 | 688 | 710 | 732
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 33 | 61 | 56 | 120 | 123 | 113 | 151 | 133 | 139
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 268 | 358 | 373 | 523 | 594 | 614 | 538 | 577 | 594
Government(4).....| 303 | 354 | 395 | 258 | 297 | 298 | 310 | 304 | 329
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 257 | 282 | 333 | 228 | 263 | 261 | 281 | 271 | 297
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.3
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6
Construction.....| 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 5.9
Manufacturing....| 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1
Retail trade....| 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 5.4
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices(3)........|. 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4
Health care | | | | | | | | |
and social | | | | | | | | |
assistance.....|. 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.5
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.4
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.7 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 7.3
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.1
Government(4).....| 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = Preliminary
Hires
In May, the hires rate was essentially unchanged at 3.3 percent for
total nonfarm. The hires rate was little changed in all industries and
regions. (See table 2.) The number of hires in May was 4.4 million, up
from 3.7 million at the end of the recession in June 2009.
Over the 12 months ending in May, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm and total private but
increased for government. The hires rate declined over the year in
construction but rose in transportation, warehousing, and utilities
and federal government. (See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations figure includes quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Total separations is also referred to as
turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the
employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’
willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are
involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations
include separations due to retirement, death, and disability, as well
as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
The seasonally adjusted total separations rate was essentially
unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and government in May.
(See table 3.) Over the year, the total separations rate (not
seasonally adjusted) was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 7.)
In May, the quits rate displayed little or no change for total
nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 4.) The number of
quits was 2.1 million in May, up from 1.8 million at the end of the
recession in June 2009.
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in May was essentially
unchanged over the year for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The number of quits increased over the year in several
industries but decreased in retail trade. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges
rate was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm and total private but
increased for government. The layoffs and discharges rate showed
little change in all four regions. (See table B.) The number of
layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm was 1.9 million in May 2012,
down from 2.1 million at the end of the recession in June 2009.
Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
|------------------------------------------------
Industry and region(1) | May | Apr. | May | May | Apr. | May
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-----------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..................| 1,843 | 1,743 | 1,885 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4
Total private.........| 1,732 | 1,644 | 1,749 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6
Government............| 111 | 98 | 136 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Northeast.............| 377 | 334 | 354 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.4
South.................| 612 | 614 | 662 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4
Midwest...............| 399 | 406 | 459 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5
West..................| 455 | 388 | 410 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 For region definitions see footnote 8, table 1.
p = Preliminary
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) for total
nonfarm, total private, and government was little changed over the 12
months ending in May 2012. Over the year, the number of layoffs and
discharges rose for mining and logging and was essentially unchanged
in all four regions. (See table 9.)
The other separations component of total separations is seasonally
adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and government levels.
In May 2012, there were 344,000 other separations for total nonfarm,
an increase from the previous month. Over the 12 months ending in May
2012, the number of other separations was little changed. (See tables
C and 10.)
Table C. Other separations, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | May | Apr. | May | May | Apr. | May
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 338 | 285 | 344 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3
Total private.....| 261 | 224 | 286 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3
Government........| 77 | 61 | 58 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = Preliminary
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout
the business cycle. Net employment change results from the
relationship between hires and separations. When the number of hires
exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires
level is steady or declining. Conversely, when the number of hires is
less than the number of separations, employment declines, even if the
hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in May
2012, hires totaled 51.1 million and separations totaled 49.3 million,
yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. These figures include
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during
the year.
Source: http://www.bls.gov/
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